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Waste Electric Car Battery Recycling Disposal

Views: 1883 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-09-23 Origin: Site

Waste battery recycling

Waste batteries recycling refers to the use of batteries by recycling. Most industrial batteries in China use the most industrial batteries for lead storage batteries. The lead accounted for more than 50% of the total cost of the battery. It mainly adopts fire, wet metallurgy process and solid-phase electrolysis technology.  The outer casing is plastic, can be regenerated, and there is basically no secondary pollution.

Waste battery material

Small secondary batteries use more nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen and lithium-ion batteries, cadmium in nickel-cadmium batteries are one of the heavy metallic elements of environmentally friendly controlled heavy metal elements, and organic electrolytes, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-hydrogen batteries in lithium-ion batteries. The base and the auxiliary material of the manufacture of batteries are all contaminated with environmental pollution. The total number of small secondary batteries is only tens of millions, and most of the volume is small, the waste battery is low, and the use of dispersion, most of them make domestic waste treatment, and there is a cost and management of cost and management. The problem, regenerative use also has certain technical problems.

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Waste battery hazard

(1) Zinc manganese battery zinc manganese dry battery is mainly the hazard caused by electrolyte solution such as mercury and acid and base contained in the abandonment. Heavy metallic mercury can trigger central nervous system diseases, which is the culprit of Japan's "water sickness". 

(2) Button battery button Zinc silver battery is widely used in electronic clocks, calculators, hearing aids, etc., is a more familiar battery variety. The harm of such batteries is also the main harm caused by mercury, cadmium and silver. According to relevant information, the harmful substance generated by a button buckle battery can pollute 600,000 water. 

(3) Lithium battery, lithium battery, is a battery containing lithium (including metal lithium, lithium alloy and lithium ion, lithium polymer) in the electrochemical system. Includes battery and metal lithium, lithium-ion secondary battery. Because of its advantages such as cost performance, long storage life, long operating temperature range, is applied to watches, cameras, calculators, backup power supplies, cardiac pacemakers, security alarms, etc. Such battery hazards are relatively small, and the recycled use is mainly recovered with useful component metal lithium. 

(4) Alkaline battery has a series of batteries such as zinc silver, cadmium nickel, iron-nickel, nickel-nickel hydride. Cadman nickel battery is the most widely used battery series and a battery that is focused on environmental pollution problems. Cadmium is a substance of toxicity. It has carcinogenicity, and nickel also has carcinogenicity, which is obvious to water organisms. Hazard. According to the US EPA survey, cadmium from cadmium - nickel batteries accounted for 75% of the total cadmium in urban solid waste. 

(5) Lead-acid battery is a battery in the world's largest production and most useful use. Sales account for more than 30% of the global battery sales. The annual output of lead-acid batteries in my country is nearly 30 million kWh. The contamination of such batteries is mainly contaminated with heavy metal lead and electrolyte solutions. Lead can cause neurasthenia in the neurasthenia, the digestion of hand and foot, digestive system, blood poisoning and renal injury. The waste cells are discarded in the environment, the acid, alkali electrolyte solution can affect the pH of the soil and water system, soil the soil and water system, and the weight of mercury, cadmium is bio-absorbed, through various means Human food chains, gathered in the human body, making human body teratogenic or caused, even leading to death. A plate of buckle is contaminated with 600,000 water, which is equivalent to a person's drinking water. A battery is rotated in the ground, enabling a m2 land to lose utilization value. There are three kinds of substances that threaten the natural environment.

Waste battery pollution

Civil drying batteries are the largest use, and the most scattered battery products, and 8 billion consumption in China. There are mainly two series of zinc manganese and alkaline zinc manganese, and there are small amounts of zinc silver, lithium batteries, and other varieties. Zinc manganese batteries, basic zinc manganese batteries, zinc silver batteries typically use mercury or mercury compounds such as corruption, mercury and mercury compounds are highly toxic substances. As the waste battery is incinerated as domestic waste, the hard battery is discharged into the atmosphere at a high temperature, part of the secondary pollution, which is a gray residue.

Waste battery recycling handling

Review 

The internationally available waste battery recycling treatment is roughly three types: curing is deeply buried, stored in the wasteling well, and recycled. Curing deeply Waste batteries are generally shipped to specialty toxic, harmful landfills, but this approach not only costs too much but also causing waste. Because there are still many useful materials for raw materials. 

Waste battery recycling  and re-use

(1) heat treatment

Switzerland has two plants specializing in the old battery. The method taken by Badley is to graze the old battery and sent it to the furnace. At this time, the volatile mercury can be extracted. When the temperature is higher, zinc also evaporates when the temperature is higher. It is also valuable metal. After iron and manganese, becomes the manganese alloy required for steel making. The plant can process 2000 tons of waste batteries a year to obtain 780 tons of manganese iron alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another factor is directly extracted from the battery, and a metal mixture such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and nickel oxide is sold directly as metal waste. However, the method of heat treatment is expensive, and Switzerland also charges a small amount of waste battery for each battery purchase.

(2) Wet treatment

Magdeburg's suburban area is building a "wet treatment" device, except for the lead storage battery, all kinds of batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then extract various metals from the solution by ion resin, using this method of raw material ratio The heat treatment method is pure, so it is more priced at the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet treatment can save sorting links (because sorting is a manual operation, increase costs). Magdeburg's set of equipment can reach 7,500 tons. Although the cost is slightly higher than the landfill method, the valuable raw materials are not discarded, and the environment will not pollute the environment.

(3) Vacuum heat treatment method

The vacuum heat treatment method was developed by Alter, Germany, but first needs to sort the nickel-cadmium batteries in the waste battery, and the waste cell is heated in vacuo, where mercury is rapidly evaporated, which can be recovered, then the remaining raw materials Ground, extract metal iron with magnets, and then extract nickel and manganese from the remainder powder. This cost of a ton waste battery is less than the 1500 mark (now about 6345.18 yuan)!

Waste battery recycling processing technology

Due to the "blood-lead pollution incident", the lead battery industry has urged the relevant measures to eliminate backward production capacity due to the "blood lead pollution incident", which leads to shocking and leading the lead in the lead industry. The lead battery industry in the battery industry is slowed down. Thus, the entire industry enters the development lag period. On the one hand, the cause of "blood lead pollution incident" is part of the lead industry to neglect pollution governance, eliminating backward production capacity, leading to lead pollutants produced in the production process, resulting in serious lead pollution; On the other hand, a large number of waste lead batteries lack a more complete environmentally-friendly non-pollution-free treatment, and it is easy to cause lead-acid, causing severe environmental pollution during processing. Nowadays, a new technology of lead-acid batteries with non-pollution-free vehicles will be very likely to change this status quo. This lead-acid battery technology developed by Poland scientists, combined with wet metallurgy and fire metallurgy, can process sulfuric acid in the lead-acid battery to washing powder raw materials. In the process of use, the plaster of the lead metal and the battery can be melted into the rotating furnace and converted to powder, the sheet of the lead battery housing, the outer casing of the polypropylene, and the outer casing of the polypropylene can be processed into particles, which can be used twice. It will not cause secondary pollution throughout the production process. This technology not only greatly alleviates environmental pollution, but also turned waste into treasure, its products provide important raw materials for other industries, and truly "one arrow double carving". This technology has been awarded a gold award in Brussels 2011 Innovation Research and New Technology Exhibition. This technology is being promoted in Poland. The pollution problem of the waste battery is gradually important for the world, the recovery of the waste battery is a systematic project, and people have been seeking technical feasible and economically achieving scientific treatment methods. The harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of waste batteries are significant for the environment, and the savings of resources is high. It is a feat in the contemporary and beneficial in the Qianqiu.

Waste battery recycling process

The waste battery is returned, and the treatment process has the following points:

1. Classification: The recovered waste battery can be smashed, peel off the zinc shell and battery base iron, take out the copper cap and graphite rod, and the remaining black matter is a mixture of manganese dioxide and ammonium chloride as the battery core. After collecting the above substances, after processing, we can get some useful substances. The ink rod is washed through water, and the drying can be used as the electrode.

2. zinc particles: Wash the stripped zinc shell after the cast iron pan, heated after 2 hours, remove the top of the above floats, pour out cooling, then dropped on the iron plate, The zinc particles can be obtained after the solidification.

3. recycled copper sheet: We can use the copper hats to wash it with hot water, add a certain amount of 10% sulfuric acid for 30 minutes to remove the surface of the oxide layer, remove it, dry Copper sheets can be obtained.

4. recovery ammonium chloride: We put the black matter in the cylinder, then add 60℃ warm water to stir for an hour, which will cause all ammonium chloride to dissolve in water, stationery, filtration, water washing slag 2 times, collect the mother liquor.

5. Recycling manganese dioxide: We was washed 3 times after filtration, filtered, filter cake to steam into the pot to evaporated to remove a little carbon and other organic matter, and then stirred in water for 30 minutes, filtered, The filtering pie is dried in 100-110℃ so that we can get manganese dioxide.